The authors of this new book followed the evolution of the Italian agro-biodiversity during the last 40 years by conducting about 100 collecting missions all over Italy. They report on the finding and the scientific achievements of this work, that has allowed to identify some 700 cultivated plant species in Italy. Nowadays, many Mediterranean and non Mediterranean countries are facing a rapid development of their agricultural systems and the Italian experience might help those counties avoid the errors that led to the loss of much Italian plant diversity. The detailed analysis of the paradigm shift in the discipline of plant genetic resources, enriched by the accurate analysis of the Italian situation, can be assumed as a complex case study for the future actions in plant agro-biodiversity preservation. Crop Germplasms in Italy reports on up-to-date knowledge on plant genetic resources items and discussions, and is of interest to all scientists and students of the discipline of plant genetic resources assessment and conservation. It might also be a useful tool for decision makers and stakeholders in outlining programs and policies.